Chemical Equilibrium

CONTENTS


1 • Chemical Change: How Far, How Fast: ……………………………………..…………...
2 • The Equilibrium ……………………………………………………………………..……
3 • Chemical Equilibrium ……………………………………………………………….........
4 • Chemical Equilibrium Between Ideal Gases…………………………………....................
5 • The Reversible Reaction ……………………………………………………………..……
6 • The Law Of Mass Action …………………………………………………………….……
oThe Law of Mass Action Formulation: ……………………………………............
oAmmonia Synthesis: ……………………………………………………………..
oHaber Process: …………………………………………………………………..
7 • When A Reaction Is At Equilibrium ………………………………………………………
8 • The Le Chatelier Principle ………………………………………………………………..
9 • The Temperature Affect Equilibria ………………………………………………………..
10 • The Pressure Affect Equilibria ……………………………………………………………
11 • The Catalysis Affect Equilibria .…………………………………………………………..
12 • The Light Affect Equilibria ……………………………………………………………….
13 • The Concentration Affect Equilibria ………………………………………………..…….
14 • Composition Of An Equilibrium Mixture …………………………………………………
oSolving the equations of mass-balance: ……………………………………………
oComposition for polybasic acids as a function of pH: ………………………………
oSolution equilibria with precipitation: …………………………………………….
oMinimization of Gibbs energy: ……………………………………………………
15 • The Characterize Of Chemical Equilibrium ………………………………………………
16 • The Equilibirum Quotient …………………………………………………………………
17 • A Visual Way Of Thinking About Q And K ……………………………………………..
18 • When Equilibrium Is Reached …………………………………………………………….
19 • The Other Ways Of Writing Equilibrium Expressions ……………………………………
20 • Unchanging Concentrations In Equilibrium Expressions …………………………………
oMultiple Equilibria: ………………………………………………………………
oThe Substance Is Also The Solvent: ………………………………………………
oThe Substance Is A Solid Or A Pure Liquid Phase: ……………………..................
21 • Significance Of The Numerical Value Of An Equilibrium Constant ……………………..
22 • Equilibrium Constant’ s Units …………………………………………………………….
23 • Equilibrium Expressions And The Reaction Equation ……………………………………
24 • Heterogeneous Reactions: The Vapor Pressure Of Solid Hydrates ………………………
25 • The Equilibrium Constant For A Series Of Reactions ……………………………………
26 • Measuring And Calculating Equilibrium Constants ………………………………………
27 • Predict The Equilibrium Compositions ……………………………………………………
28 • Effects Of Dilution On An Equilibrium …………………………………………………..
29 • Chemical Equilibrium Between Gas And Its Dilute Solution …………………………….
30 • Phase Distribution Equilibria ……………………………………………………………..

Solving Equilibrium Problems ……………………………………………………………

REFERENCE ……………………………………………………………………………..

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